Any cat can develop kidney stones regardless of their age or breed. Kidney stones have a crystal-like appearance and are made up of uric acid, calcium and oxalate, which are byproducts of the kidney. They tend to be painful and can cause a urinary tract obstruction, and when urine can't flow freely along the urinary tract, a bacterial infection can develop. It's not always possible to pin down the cause when a cat develops kidney stones, but they can occur as a result of your cat's diet causing their urine to be too alkaline.
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Dog flu is caused by a virus that infects the respiratory system. It's very contagious between dogs, and some dogs that become infected become very sick, while others just seem to be carriers and spread the virus without having any symptoms themselves. However, as it's possible for a dog to become gravely ill very quickly with this illness, it's important to be aware of the symptoms of dog flu and understand how it's diagnosed and treated.
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Neutering is the term generally used to describe the surgical removal of a male dog's testicles. The procedure is carried out under general anaesthetic and can help improve boisterous or challenging behaviour and reduce the risk of your dog developing problems with their prostate as they age. Neutering is a common surgical procedure that is considered to be very safe and effective, but before you have your dog neutered you should be aware of the potential postsurgical complications that can arise when you take your dog home to recover.
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Although pet desexing is not compulsory, this measure does play a critical role in managing the animal population. Thus, if you have recently got a dog, whether male or female and do not want to be burdened with taking care of litter after litter of pups, it is highly advisable to take your animal to the vet for neutering or spaying. Take note, though, this measure is not only beneficial in terms of preventing accidental litters that would result in a multitude of unwanted pups.
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Small bumps on your nipples and the surrounding areola are generally nothing to be concerned about. These are typically nothing more than your areolar glands displaying what are known as Montgomery tubercles. If you have these tubercles, you're probably quite used to them. But you're a human, and your dog has a different physiology. So if you should spot small bumps on the nipples of your female dog, then it might be something far more serious which requires a prompt appointment with your vet.
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